What is a root canal?
A root canal refers to both a part of the tooth and a dental procedure aimed at treating the innermost part of the tooth called the pulp. The pulp is a soft tissue containing blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues. When the pulp becomes infected or damaged due to deep decay, trauma, or other factors, a root canal procedure may be necessary to save the tooth and relieve pain.
During a root canal procedure, the following steps are typically involved:
1. Examination and X-rays: The dentist examines the tooth and takes X-rays to assess the extent of damage and determine if a root canal is necessary.
2. Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is administered to numb the area around the affected tooth, ensuring the patient’s comfort during the procedure.
3. Access and removal: The dentist creates a small access hole in the tooth, usually through the crown, to reach the pulp chamber and root canals. The infected or damaged pulp is carefully removed using specialized tools.
4. Cleaning and shaping: The dentist cleans the inside of the tooth, including the root canals, using files and antimicrobial solutions. The canals are shaped to prepare them for filling.
5. Filling: The cleaned and shaped root canals are filled with a biocompatible material called gutta-percha. It is placed in the canals and sealed with adhesive cement to prevent reinfection.
6. Restoration: After the root canal procedure, the access hole created in the tooth is typically filled with a temporary or permanent filling material. In some cases, a dental crown may be recommended to restore the tooth’s strength and appearance.
Root canal procedures are usually performed by endodontists, who are dental specialists trained in treating diseases and injuries of the dental pulp. After a successful root canal, the tooth can continue to function normally with proper oral hygiene and regular dental care.